Separation of Spacecraft Noise From Geomagnetic Field Observations Through Density-Based Cluster Analysis and Compressive Sensing

Abstract

The use of magnetometers for space exploration is inhibited by magnetic noise generated by spacecraft electrical systems. Mechanical booms are traditionally used to extend magnetometers away from noise sources. If a spacecraft is equipped with multiple magnetometers, signal processing algorithms can be used to compare magnetometer measurements and remove stray magnetic noise signals. We propose the use of density-based cluster analysis to identify spacecraft noise signals and compressive sensing to separate spacecraft noise from geomagnetic field data. This method assumes no prior knowledge of the number, location, or amplitude of noise signals, but assumes that they have minimal overlapping spectral properties. We demonstrate the validity of this algorithm by separating high latitude magnetic perturbations recorded by the low-Earth orbiting satellite, SWARM, from noise signals in simulation and in a laboratory experiment using a mock CubeSat apparatus. In the case of more noise sources than magnetometers, this problem is an instance of underdetermined blind source separation (UBSS). This work presents a UBSS signal processing algorithm to remove spacecraft noise and minimize the need for a mechanical boom.