Praktik Reksadana Online Syariah pada Aplikasi Bibit dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik reksadana online syariah pada aplikasi Bibit dalam tinjauan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan normatif yang mendasarkan nash dan ijtihad para ulama sebagai upaya pemberian norma terhadap objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, praktik reksadana online syariah pada aplikasi Bibit sudah sama dengan DSN Nomor 20/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 tentang pedoman pelaksanaan investasi untuk reksadana syariah. Dilihat dari fikih muamalat, juga telah memenuhi unsur dan syarat akad berupa para pihak, ijab dan kabul, objek akad dan tujuan akad. Transaksi dalam Bibit telah memenuhi beberapa asas akad seperti prinsip kesamaan (mabda’ at-tawazun fi a-mu’awadah), prinsip kebaikan dan prinsip dapat dipercaya. Adanya pengawasan oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah dalam sistem tata kelola syariah (shariah governance) dan OJK yang mengevaluasi setiap 6 bulan terhadap Daftar Efek Syariah.  Batasan Bibit terhadap maksimal rasio utang aset perusahaan sebesar 45%, penerapan prinsip Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), gratis biaya transfer, gratis biaya komisi, bebas pajak, bisa menambah atau mencairkan dana kapan saja merupakan suatu implementasi maqashid as-syariah. Namun perlu dievaluasi kembali terkait bank kustodian yang masih memakai bank konvensional atau non syariah. [This study aims to analyze the practice of sharia online mutual funds in the Bibit application in Islamic law review.  This research is a descriptive analysis with a normative approach based on the texts and ijtihad of the Ulama as an effort to give norms to the object of research.  The results showed that overall, the practice of sharia online mutual funds in Bibit application was in accordance with the DSN Fatwa Number 20/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 regarding the guidelines for implementing investments for Islamic mutual funds.  Judging from the muamalat fiqh, it has also fulfilled the elements and conditions of the contract in the form of the parties, agreement , the object of the contract and the purpose of the contract.  Transactions in Bibit have fulfilled several contractual principles such as the principle of balance (mabda' at-tawazun fi a-mu'awadah), the principle of benefit and the principle of mandate.  There is supervision by the Sharia Supervisory Board in the sharia governance system and OJK which evaluates every 6 months the Sharia Securities List.  The limit of seeds to the maximum debt ratio of company assets is 45%, the application of the principles of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), free transfer fees, free commission fees, tax free, being able to add or withdraw funds at any time is an implementation of maqashid as-sharia.  However, it needs to be re-evaluated regarding custodian banks that still use conventional or non-Islamic banks.]