Forest Ecostructure and Its Change in Finland, Germany and Peru

Abstract

This chapter addresses institutions in forest ecosystem service governance and policy. Adopting an institutionalist perspective, the chapter looks at rules, social normsNorm and their enforcement characteristics that hinder or slow down environmental forest economy transformationsTransformation in three countries, Finland, Germany and Peru. The chapter applies ecostructure as a key theoretical concept. The ecostructure is an intertwined institutional and ecosystemic architecture that brings organization to a particular social-ecological function. This chapter provides relevant theoretical advice to assist transformations towards the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services and translates these into practical considerations about how such transformationsTransformation may be possible on the ground.