Abstract
In this article, the conceptual design of biomass steam gasification (BSG) processes using raw oil palm (ROP) and torrefied oil palm (TOP) are examined in an Aspen Plus simulator. Through thermodynamic analysis, it is verified that the BSG process with torrefied feedstock can effectively enhance the hydrogen yield. When the heat recovery design is added into the BSG process, the system energetic efficiency (SEE) is significantly improved. Finally, an optimization algorithm with respect to SEE and hydrogen yield is solved, and the optimum operating conditions are validated by simulations.
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![Table 1. The comparison of predicted results with the experimental data from [26].](https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/com.mendeley.prod.article-extracted-content/images/5531195f-ac4d-3b11-bc67-354a18f14755/thumbnail-98ff2085-1308-4df2-8f7d-efabe5da7427-1.png)
![Table 2. A list of chemical reactions in the gasifier [2,27].](https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/com.mendeley.prod.article-extracted-content/images/5531195f-ac4d-3b11-bc67-354a18f14755/thumbnail-a4768c73-82b5-47f0-a1fa-5d80b4b132f6-2.png)
![Table 3. Proximate and elemental analyses of the feedstock used in the simulation [28].](https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/com.mendeley.prod.article-extracted-content/images/5531195f-ac4d-3b11-bc67-354a18f14755/thumbnail-fd987253-3d86-49c6-8413-50ebfafe31d2-3.png)
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Kuo, P. C., & Wu, W. (2015). Design, optimization and energetic efficiency of producing hydrogen-rich gas from biomass steam gasification. Energies, 8(1), 94–110. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8010094
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