Simulations Are No ‘One-for-All’ Experience: How Participants Vary in Their Development of Self-efficacy for Negotiating

Abstract

This chapter aims at elucidating that attention should not solely be given to simulations’ final learning outcomes but also to the development of individual learners during the simulation. More specifically, we introduce self-efficacy for negotiating as a relevant learning outcome of simulations of decision-making. This chapter uses data from a 4-day Model United Nations simulation to explore the development of self-efficacy, taking into account participants’ individual characteristics. Results show, on average for the full sample, an increase of self-efficacy for negotiating during the course of the simulation. However, probing more into individual differences among participants, results also point to variation in simulation experience and in how self-efficacy for negotiating develops.