Evolución de la potencia absoluta, relativa e índices de ritmos electroencefalográficos en estudiantes de primaria, licenciatura y maestría

Abstract

Antecedents: Cerebral function results from the electrical activity in glial-neuronal networks, integrated proactively through sensory, motor, and regulating interactions. These networks oscillate since early life and are modulated by diverse maturation factors, including educational processes. Objective: To identify the power spectrum separated in delta (d), theta (?), alpha 1 (a1), alpha 2 (a2), beta 1 (ß1), beta 2 (ß2), and their topography in cerebral hemispheres of children, youngsters, and adults to establish qEEG indicators. Method: We studied three groups of 16 participants each: elementary school children (CG), undergraduate students (UG), and graduate students (GG). Parents and participants granted their consent. The EEG was recorded (Nicolet) following the 10/20 system. Bipolar samples were analyzed. Absolute power (AP) was obtained with Fourier transform; its average (AAP) relative power (RP), and slow/fast frequencies and indices were calculated. Differences were assessed with Kruskal Wallis and Dunnet's comparison for subgroups. Results: The AAP of six frequencies was higher in CG than in UG and GG. Frequencies were similar with exceptions correlating with topographic distribution. The d/a index was higher in CG with a particular topographic distribution, ?/a varied more. RP of a was higher in UG and GG than in CG; that of ? and d were higher in some leads of CG. Discussion and conclusion: During cerebral maturation, AP diminishes due to integration of more glial-neuronal ensembles, presenting greater asymmetry in a giving frequency. These profiles establish indicators for comparison with future EEG recordings.