Análise da estrutura de comunidades arbóreas de uma floresta amazônica de Terra Firme aplicada ao manejo florestal

Abstract

To demonstrate the importance of the ecological concept for forest management, the object of this work was to identify and describe the structure of tree communities of a tropical forest under management in the Eastern Amazonia, located in Almeirim municipality, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The floristic survey was undertaken in a terra-firme tropical forest of 1,400.30 hectares. All individuals with DBH ≥ 30 cm were inventoried, registering 77,834 trees distributed in 57 families, 229 genera and 556 species. Eight communities were identified, presenting high diversity and floristic equitability (H' = 4.25 average and J' = 0.75 average). The communities presented 138 common species, 119 species of exclusive occurrence and 377 rare species, represented by only one individual. The most remarkable species found in the area were: Dinizia excelsa, Vouacapoua americana, Goupia glabra, Mouriri brachyanthera, Parinari excelsa, Manilkara bidentada, Tachigali mymecophyla and Licania micrantha. The communities presented significant variations between the averages of the main floristic parameters. Some species of commercial value had important variations in the density, suggesting extinction risk in communities where they present very low density. We suggest that all sustainable forest management plans consider the several ecological communities found in the Annual Production Unit (UPA) thus avoiding significant variations, caused by exploration and their impacts, in the floristic composition and structure of these communities.