Importance of combined left atrial size and estimated pulmonary pressure for clinical outcome in patients presenting with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Abstract

Aims Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex syndrome with various phenotypes and outcomes. The prognostic relevance of echocardiography and the E/e0 ratio has previously been reported. We sought to study in addition, the value of estimated pulmonary pressure and left atrial size for diagnosing and determining a prognosis for HFpEF-patients in a prospective multi-centric cohort. Methods and results Patients with an acute-HF event accompanied with NT-proBNP >300 pg/mL (BNP >100 pg/mL) and LVEF >45% were included (n = 237) and clinically reassessed using echo-Doppler after 4-8 weeks of HF treatment as part of the prospective KaRen HFpEF study. A core-centre performed the echocardiographic analyses. A combined primary endpoint of either HF hospitalizations and mortality over a span of 18-month, or simply mortality (secondary endpoint) were used. The mean LVEF was 62 ± 7%, E/e':12.9 ± 6.0, left atrial volume index (LAVI): 48.1 ± 15.9 ml/ m2, TR: 2.9 ± 0.9 m/s. Patients with both LAVI > 40 ml/m2 and TR > 3.1 m/s had a significantly greater risk of death or heart failure related hospitalization than others (P = 0.014 after adjustment). Conclusion The combination of enlarged LA and elevated estimated pulmonary pressure has a strong prognostic impact in patients suffering from HFpEF. Our results indicate that such patients constitute a risk group in HFpEF which requires dedicated medical attention.