Immunopathology of specific cancers in males and females and immunotherapy of prostate and cervical cancer

Abstract

Cancer remains one of the most complex diseases affecting humans, and despite the impressive advances that have been made in molecular and cell biology, how cancer cells progress through carcinogenesis and acquire their metastatic ability is still widely debated. Prostate cancer emerges from multiple alterations that induce changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins that function in networks controlling critical molecular and cellular events. Based on the exponential aging of the population and the increasing life expectancy in industrialized Western countries, prostate cancer is becoming a disease of increasing significance. While the incidence of cervical cancer has declined significantly in the USA, ethnic disparities remain in terms of increased mortality and morbidity. Here, it is aimed to review the clinical experiences and results achieved with immunotherapy for treating prostate and cervical cancers, two of the most significant malignancies in human male and females, respectively.