Diversity of macroscopic basidiomycetes in reforestation areas of Eucalyptus spp.

Abstract

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) Is the most widely used genus of forest trees for commercial purposes worldwide. One of the biggest concerns for foresters is the waste left in the area after cutting the eucalyptus. In an attempt to solve the problem, producers opt for the method of lowering or removing stumps. However, mechanized logging causes numerous negative impacts on forest sustainability, including soil compaction; microbiota disturbance; removal of organic matter; impacts on carbon storage; greenhouse gas emissions; increased erosion; alteration of nutrient cycling and reduction of biodiversity. The use of wood degrading fungi is an alternative for the removal of stumps, without negatively impacting the environment, but it is little studied and used in eucalyptus reforestation areas. This work stands out for surveying the diversity of macroscopic basidiomycete fungi in stumps and litter in eucalyptus reforestation areas of different ages (post-harvest stumps and one and two years after harvest) in the interior of São Paulo State for use in biological removal. The fungi were collected from September 2016 to August 2017, totaling 16 collections, where each fungus was photographed for presumptive morphological identification. The most common fungi in the stumps two years after harvesting were those belonging to the genera Coprinus and Ganoderma. In the area with stumps one year after harvesting, there was a predominance of the genera Coprinus and Galerina. No fungi were found in the area with post-harvest stumps. There was a greater diversity of macroscopic basidiomycete fungi in the area of eucalyptus reforestation with stumps two years after harvest.