Whose anticipations

Abstract

The central question in this paper is: Who (or what) constructs an-ticipations? I challenge the (tacit) assumption of Rosen.s standard definition of anticipatory systems according to which the cognitive system actively con-structs a predictive model based on which it carries out anticipations. My ar-guments show that so-called implicit anticipatory systems are at the root of any other form of anticipatory systems as the nature of the .decision maker. in the latter cannot be a conscious one.