Development and validation of the coffee task: a novel functional assessment for prosthetic grip selection

Abstract

Background: Lack of standardized assessments that explicitly quantify performance during prosthetic grip selection poses difficulty determining whether efforts to improve the design of multi-grip hands and their control approaches are successful. In this study, we developed and validated a novel assessment of multi-grip prosthetic performance: The Coffee Task. Methods: Individuals without limb loss completed the Box and Block Test and two versions of the Coffee Task – Continuous and Segmented - with a myoelectric prosthetic emulator. On different days, participants selected prosthetic grips using pattern recognition and trigger control. Outcomes of the Continuous and Segmented Coffee Task were completion time and number of errors, respectively. Two independent raters assessed outcomes of the Coffee Task using video recordings to determine inter-rater reliability. Known-group validity was assessed by comparing outcomes with the emulator to those with an intact limb. Convergent validity was assessed through the correlation of the Coffee Task outcomes and those of the Box and Blocks Test. Responsiveness to changes with practice and control approach were assessed using the standardized response mean (SRM). Results: Inter-rater reliability was high for both versions of the Coffee Task (Intra-class coefficient > 0.981). Coffee Task outcomes were moderately correlated with the Box and Blocks outcomes (|r| ≥ 0.412, p ≤ 0.007). Participants completed the Coffee Task faster with their intact limb than with the emulator (p < 0.001). Both versions of the Coffee Task were responsive to changes with training (SRM ≥ 0.81) but not control approach (SRM ≤ 0.12). Conclusions: The Coffee Task is reliable, has good known-group and convergent validity, and is responsive to changes due to practice. Future work should assess whether the Coffee Task is feasible and reliable for people with upper limb loss who use multi-grip prostheses.