Resource Allocation in 4G and 5G Networks: A Review

Abstract

The advent of 4G and 5G broadband wireless networks brings several challenges with respect to resource allocation in the networks. In an interconnected network of wireless devices, users, and devices, all compete for scarce resources which further emphasizes the fair and efficient allocation of those resources for the proper functioning of the networks. The purpose of this study is to discover the different factors that are involved in resource allocation in 4G and 5G networks. The methodology used was an empirical study using qualitative techniques to perform literature reviews on the state of art in 4G and 5G networks, analyze their respective architectures and resource allocation mechanisms, discover parameters, criteria and provide recommendations. It was observed that resource allocation is primarily done with radio resources in 4G and 5G networks, owing to their wireless nature, and resource allocation is measured in terms of delay, fairness, packet loss ratio, spectral efficiency, and throughput. Minimal consideration is given to other resources along with the end-to-end 4G and 5G network architectures. This paper defines more types of resources, such as electrical energy usage, processor cycles, and memory space, including end-to-end architectures, whose allocation processes need to be emphasized owing to the inclusion of Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization in 5G network architectures. Thus, more criteria, such as electrical energy usage, processor cycle, and memory to evaluate resource allocation have been proposed. Finally, ten recommendations have been made to enhance resource allocation besides the whole 5G network architecture.