Playing with a goal in mind: exploring the enactment of guided play in Canadian and South African early years classrooms

Abstract

Guided play, a balanced approach to involvement in play that includes child- and adult-direction in learning activities, holds great promise for children’s effective and engaged learning in education. Recent studies in laboratory settings show benefits for academic and socio-emotional outcomes, while retaining a focus on child-centred exploration. Often, these studies feature an experimenter with one child or a small group. In contrast, educators in early years classrooms often need to support 20 children or more. To realise guided play’s promise, we need to explore the enactment of guided play in classroom settings, and how educators can engage young children in responsive ways to promote opportunities to learn in play contexts. We offer a cross-cultural comparison of guided play that occurred in 12 Canadian and 8 South African early years classrooms. Using a qualitative, thematic approach, we analysed video-recorded observations for: 1) the frequency of educator involvement in play contexts, 2) the role of the educator in those contexts, and 3) learning opportunities that emerged due to this involvement. Based on our analysis, we consider how educators can achieve guided play in classroom settings. Implications are discussed for practice, including barriers and enablers of guided play in culturally diverse settings.