Toxicidad de Paullinia clavigera Schltdl. (Sapindaceae) y Chondrodendron tomentosum Ruiz et Pav. (Menispermaceae) sobre el piojo saltador del camu camu Tuthillia cognata (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Abstract

Toxic effects of two hidro-alcoholical extracts belonging to two Amazonian plants of ethnobotanical importance, soapberry Paullinia clavigera Schltdl. (Sapindaceae) and curare Chondrodendron tomentosum Ruiz et Pav. (Menispermaceae), both in vegetative growing, on III nymph instars of jumping lice of camu camu Tuthillia cognata Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt, 1986 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) were determined. Collection of nymphs of T. cognata was performed on plantations of San Juan small town, Yarinacocha district, Ucayali, Peru. Bioassays were done employing a randomized completely block design (RCBD): 6 × 4. Maceration of extracts were performed during seven days at a proportion 1:10 (w/v) with a posterior solvent evaporation in a rotavapor. Toxic effect on T. cognata was evaluated at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. In soapberry LC50-24h was 2,530 mg extract L-1 and in curare LC50-24h was 4,090 mg extract L-1 on T. cognata. At a concentration of 10,000 mg extract L-1, LT50 of soapberry and curare were 10.38 and 15.01 h, respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed saponins, phenols, flavonoids, quinones and cumarins in soapberry extract, and alkaloids and saponins in curare extract. Toxicity in LC50 terms depended of the extract type employed.