Adherence to UK dietary guidelines in school-aged children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

Abstract

Compliance to UK dietary recommendations was assessed in school-aged children from a population-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A Children's Eatwell Guide (C-EWG) score was developed to assess socio-demographic predictors of meeting dietary recommendations. ALSPAC children with plausible diet diary data at 7 years (n 5373), 10 years (n 4450) and 13 years (n 2223) were included in the study. Their dietary intakes (recorded between 1998 and 2006) were compared with dietary guidelines for total and saturated fats, free sugars, salt, fibre, protein, carbohydrates, fruit and vegetables, non-oily and oily fish and red/processed meat. The C-EWG score (0-9 points) indicated the number of recommendations met at each age. Cross-sectional associations between socio-demographic characteristics and C-EWG scores were assessed using multivariable regression. The lowest adherence to guidelines at 7 years was for sugar (0.1 % meeting recommendations), followed by fibre (7.7 %), oily fish (9.5 %), saturated fat (9.7 %) and fruit and vegetables (15.2 %). Highest adherence was for limiting red/processed meat (67.3 %) and meeting carbohydrate recommendations (77.3 %). At 7 years, 12.1 % of participants failed to meet any of the nine recommendations, 26.9 % met one and 28.2 % met two. Similar patterns were seen at 10 and 13 years. A lower social class and maternal educational attainment and higher maternal BMI were associated with meeting fewer recommendations. Most school-aged children in this cohort did not meet UK dietary recommendations, particularly children from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Additional public health initiatives are needed to improve the quality of UK children's diets, particularly targeting lower socio-economic groups.