Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems

Abstract

Table of contents Alexey V. Yablokov C. F. Boudouresque, G. Cadiou, L. Le Dir{Ã}{\copyright}ac'h Damage control in the coastal zone: improving water quality by harvesting aquaculture- Dror L. Angel, Timor Katz, Noa Eden, Ehud Spanier, Kenny D. Black A modular strategy for recovery and management of biomass yields in large marine Kenneth Sherman T.V.Parshikova Chapter 2. Modeling Approaches and Mathematical Foundations of Environmental Management ...................................................................................... 93 Strategic management of ecological systems: a supply chain perspective ................... 95 E. Levner, J.-M. Proth Modelling the environmental impacts of marine aquaculture .................................... 109 William Silvert Lyne Morissette Environmental games and queue models .................................................................... 143 Charles S. Tapiero Computational complexity of modeling ecosystems .................................................. 159 Vladimir Naidenko, Inna Bouriako and Jean-Marie Proth Addressing uncertainty in marine ecosystems modelling ............................................127 Preface ......................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1. Disturbance of Marine Ecosystems: Problems and Solutions .............. 9 Meta-analysis of the radioactive pollution of the ocean .............................................. 11 Marine protected areas: a tool for coastal areas management ...................................... 29 derived nutrients ............................................................................................................ 53 ecosystems ..................................................................................................................... 65 Express methods of nondestructive control for physiological state of algae ................ 81 3 Chapter 3. Policy/Stakeholder Process in Marine Ecosystem Management ....... 167 Performance metrics for oil spill response, recovery, and restoration: a critical review and agenda for research ............................................................................................... 169 T.P. Seager, I. Linkov, C. Cooper The challenges to safety in the east mediterranean: mathematical modeling and risk management of marine ecosystems ............................................................................. 179 K. Atoyev Strategic management of marine ecosystems using whole-ecosystem simulation modelling: the {â}€˜back to the future{â}€{\texttrademark} policy approach ................................................... 199 Tony J. Pitcher, Cameron H. Ainsworth, Eny A. Buchary, Wai Lung Cheung, Robyn Forrest, Nigel Haggan, Hector Lozano, Telmo Morato and Lyne Morissette Chapter 4. Management of Contaminated Sediments: Example of Integrated Management Approach ............................................................................................ 259 Towards using comparative risk assessment to manage contaminated sediments ..... 261 T. Bridges, G. Kiker, J. Cura, D. Apul, I. Linkov Multi-criteria decision analysis: a framework for managing contaminated I. Linkov, S. Sahay, G. Kiker, T. Bridges, T.P. Seager Barriers to adoption of novel environmental technologies: contaminated sediments ..................................................................................................................... 299 T.P. Seager, K.H. Gardner Index of authors ......................................................................................................... 313 4 sediments ..................................................................................................................... 271 Preface The demand for advanced management methods and tools for marine ecosystems is increasing worldwide. Today, many marine ecosystems are significantly affected by disastrous pollution from industrial, agricultural, municipal, transportational, and other anthropogenic sources. The issues of environmental integrity are especially acute in the Mediterranean and Red Sea basins, the cradle of modern civilization. The drying of the Dead Sea is one of the most vivid examples of environmental disintegration with severe negative consequences on the ecology, industry, and wildlife in the area. Strategic management and coordination of international remedial and restoration efforts is required to improve environmental conditions of marine ecosystems in the Middle East as well as in other areas. The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) held in Nice in October 2003 was designed to: (1) provide a discussion forum for the latest developments in the field of environmentally-conscious strategic management of marine environments, and (2) integrate expertise of ecologists, biologists, economists, and managers from European, American, Canadian, Russian, and Israeli organizations in developing a framework for strategic management of marine ecosystems. The ASI addressed the following issues: {ô}€‚ƒ Key environmental management problems in exploited marine ecosystems; {ô}€‚ƒ Measuring and monitoring of municipal, industrial, and agricultural effluents; {ô}€‚ƒ Global contamination of seawaters and required remedial efforts; {ô}€‚ƒ Supply Chain Management approach for strategic coastal zones management and planning; {ô}€‚ƒ Development of environmentally friendly technologies for coastal zone development; {ô}€‚ƒ Modeling for sustainable aquaculture; and {ô}€‚ƒ Social, political, and economic challenges in marine ecosystem management. Papers presented in this book were submitted by the ASI lecturers and participants. In addition, several papers were invited from the leading scientists in the field. The organization of the book reflects discussions during the meeting. The papers in the first chapter review and summarize problems related to marine ecosystems. They provide the background and examples of environmental challenges and potential solutions. The second chapter provides modeling and mathematical foundations for specific environmental management methods and tools useful for marine ecosystem management. These methods provide a means for coordinating technological, economical, and ecological contradicting demands and offer an exciting prospect for efficient utilization of environmental resources. For example, Strategic Supply Chain management methodology permits detailed characterization of the functional and 5 structural aspects of ecosystems, assesses the impact of human activity on biological systems, and evaluates practical consequences stemming from the activity. The third chapter presents several papers dealing with integration of political and stakeholder priorities with environmental modeling. A key paper by Pitcher and his colleagues introduces an integrative approach to the strategic management of marine ecosystems with policies based on restoration ecology, and an understanding of marine ecosystem processes in the light of findings from terrestrial ecology. The critical issues include whether past ecosystems make viable policy goals, and whether desirable goals may be reached from today{â}€{\texttrademark}s ecosystem. The final chapter provides another integrated approach for marine ecosystem management that is based on comparative risk assessment and multi-criteria decision analysis. Three papers presented in the chapter illustrate the theoretical foundation of these methods and review applications for a wide range of issues related to sediment management {â}€`` from highly technical issues (such as selection of optimal technology) to political (assessing value judgment for policy decision makers and stakeholders). An important objective of the ASI was to identify specific initiatives that could be developed by those in attendance and their broader network of institutions to enhance the progress of environmental risk assessment in developing countries. Consistent with this goal, this book presents the interpretation and perception of issues related to strategic management of marine ecosystems by individual scientists, while also illustrating a wide variety of environmental problems in developing countries. Eugene Levner, Igor Linkov, and Jean-Marie Proth August 2004. 6