Exercise for Frail Older Adults

Abstract

Frailty can be prevented and fought by early recognition and treatment of pre-frail older adults. Scientific literature demonstrated that regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as the risk of falls. A multimodal exercise program, which includes strength and power training, cardiopulmonary workout, and balance and proprioceptive exercises, seems the most effective for frail older adults. When starting a training program, it is always important to find the appropriate level of intensity and frequency as well as the correct level of progression for every trainee. A significant factor related to the adhesion and maintenance of an exercise program is the increase of independence (self-efficacy). A highly relevant role in motivation and in continuing regular physical activity is also played by the caregiver figure. In conclusion, a personalized multimodal training which takes into account patient’s health, functional status, and the social context, associated with nutritional supplementation, is probably the best approach to fight against the frailty consequences.