Gasotransmission of Nitric Oxide (NO) at Early Plant Developmental Stages

Abstract

This book describes the three gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) and their function as intracellular signalling molecules in plants. Common properties are shared by NO, H2S and CO: they are beneficial at low concentrations but hazardous in higher amounts; they are small molecules of gas; they can freely cross cell membranes; their effects do not rely on receptors; they are generated enzymatically and their production is regulated; their functions can be mimicked by exogenous application; and their cellular effects may or may not be mediated by second messengers, but have specific cellular and molecular targets. In plants, many aspects of the biology of gasotransmitters remain completely unknown and generate intriguing questions, which will be discussed in this book. Preface; Reference; Contents; Part I: Carbon Monoxide in Plant Biology; Chapter 1: Carbon Monoxide: A Ubiquitous Gaseous Signaling Molecule in Plants; 1 Chemical Aspects of CO; 2 CO Synthesis and Homeostasis; 3 Roles of HO1/CO in Plants; 3.1 Plant Tolerance Against Abiotic Stresses; 3.2 Participation in Plant Growth and Development; 4 CO Perception and Signaling; 4.1 Cross Talk Between CO and NO; 4.2 Cross Talk Between CO and ROS; 4.3 Ion Channels as Targets for the Actions of CO; 4.4 Cross Talk Between CO and Other Gas Molecules; 4.5 Cross Talk Between CO and Phytohormones. 5 Future PerspectivesReferences; Part II: Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Biology; Chapter 2: Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Biology; 1 Introduction; 2 The Property and Natural Generation of H2S; 2.1 The Properties of H2S; 2.2 The Forms of H2S in Nature; 2.3 The Production of H2S; 2.4 Metabolic Pathways of H2S in Plants; 3 Detection of H2S; 4 Roles of H2S in Plant Resistance and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses; 4.1 Drought and Osmotic Stress; 4.2 Ion Stress; 4.3 Salt Stress; 4.4 Temperature Stress; 4.5 Pathogen Stress; 5 H2S Signal Regulates Maturation and Senescence in Plant. 6 H2S Signal and Programmed Cell Death7 H2S Promotes Root Development; 8 H2S Enhances Plant Photosynthesis; 8.1 Mechanism of H2S in Promoting Photosynthesis; 9 Role of H2S in Regulating Stomatal Movement; 10 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Regulation of Autophagy by Hydrogen Sulfide; 1 A New Concept of Hydrogen Sulfide in Biological Systems; 2 Autophagy, an Essential Process for Life; 3 Endogenous Production of Hydrogen Sulfide: l-Cysteine Desulfhydrase 1 in the Arabidopsis Cytosol; 4 Sulfide Exerts a Negative Regulation of Autophagy in Arabidopsis. 5 What Is the Underlying Mechanism of the Sulfide Action?6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Part III: Nitric Oxide in Plant Growth and Development; Chapter 4: Nitric Oxide Emission and Uptake from Higher Plants; 1 Introduction; 2 Nitric Oxide Emission by Higher Plants; 3 NO and NO2 Uptake by Higher Plants; 4 Biotechnological Uses of NO Gas; 5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Gasotransmission of Nitric Oxide (NO) at Early Plant Developmental Stages; 1 Introduction; 2 Gasotransmitter Function of NO in Seeds; 2.1 Physiological Role of NO in Dormancy and Germination. 2.2 NO and Phytohormones During Germination2.3 NO Homeostasis in the Seed; 2.4 Group VII ERFs and ABI5 Are Key NO Sensors in Seeds; 3 Gasotransmitter Function of NO in Roots; 3.1 Importance of NO in Root Mitochondria; 3.2 NO Production in the Root; 3.3 Effect of NO on Mitochondrial Metabolism; 3.4 Mitochondria-Dependent NO Production and Root Growth; 4 Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 6: The Auxin-Nitric Oxide Highway: A Right Direction in Determining the Plant Root System; 1 Nitric Oxide as a Ubiquitous Signal Molecule in Plant Physiology.