Mother metropole: Adoptions of rwandan minors in postcolonial Belgium (1970-1994)

Abstract

Despite Africa's position as today's primary 'donor' of adoptable children, the historiography on the development of adoption networks on the African continent is close to non-existent. Even fewer publications elaborate on the missionary and religious roots of transnational adoptions in Africa. This article investigates transnational adoption practices of Rwandan and, to a lesser extent, Burundian minors in postcolonial Belgium (1970-1994). Additionally, it explicates continuities and departures with regards to colonial child separation practices in the former Belgian mandate territory Ruanda-Urundi. By studying the heterogeneous content of individual adoption case files from the two main agencies that organised the transfers, we uncover the language and practices that rendered the children 'adoptable' and we address how the Belgian intermediaries legitimated the relocations, and, more specifically what this teaches us about the ways they envisioned ideals of childhood, family, solidarity and society. I furthermore argue that the mediators styled Belgium as a caring and colour-blind 'motherland', shifting its former patriarchal role of the 'humanising' coloniser to one in which the nation becomes a 'mother' of children from the previously colonised territories. As such, this research contributes to a better understanding of how postcolonial attitudes, practices and networks were shaped and maintained in Belgium during the second half of the twentieth century.