Deception across cultures: Bottom-up and top-down approaches

Abstract

This paper examines various approaches to analyzing differences in patterns of deception and how deception is evaluated across cultures. The approaches are divided into bottom-up approaches, which examine the foundations of culture and how they affect deception, and top-down approaches, which refer to models of deception and how their dynamics change across cultures. Considerations of the various approaches have led to a conclusion that the most comprehensive method for modeling deception across cultures would be to synthesize the two approaches, rather than consider them as opposing schools of thought. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.