Removal of pathogenic bacteria in constructed wetlands: Mechanisms and efficiency

Abstract

Sanitation efficiency is an important parameter in wastewater treatment. Removal of pathogenic microorganisms is crucial to prevent water resources contamination and to limit any risks for human health. Constructed Wetlands are today a well-established technology for wastewater treatment. Although very effective in the removal of organic matter and nutrients, pathogen removal is seldom the main target in these systems. Current experience shows that Constructed Wetlands can be very effective in the removal of pathogens from wastewater with removal rates up to 99 %. This review chapter provides information about sanitation practices using different technologies, focusing on the sanitation efficiency of Constructed Wetlands, the removal processes and the design and operational parameters that affect the removal of pathogens in Constructed Wetland systems.