The Evolution of Science

Abstract

This chapter explains how our present conception of science is the result of a long evolution starting in ancient Greece. In particular four Greek ideas are pointed out as being crucial elements in scientific thinking: The first is the conviction that properties and events in nature could be understood as the result of natural processes, not as the effect of actions of gods and other supernatural agents. The second is the view that knowledge could be achieved by rational argumentation, not conveyed from holy authorities. The third is the idea that a science should be systematic body of knowledge and the fourth component is the discovery of logic as a basic ingredient in rational thinking.