Near-surface sensor-derived phenology

Abstract

Near-surface remote sensing provides a novel approach to phenological monitoring. Optical sensors mounted in relatively close proximity (typically 50 m or less) to the land surface can be used to quantify, at high temporal frequency, changes in the spectral properties of the surface associated with vegetation development and senescence. The scale of these measurements--intermediate between individual organisms and satellite pixels--is unique and advantageous for a variety of applications. In this chapter, we review and discuss a variety of approaches to near-surface remote sensing of phenology, including methods based on broad- and narrow-band radiometric sensors, and using commercially available digital cameras as inexpensive imaging sensors.