The Therapeutic Potential of Non-invasive Neurostimulation for Motor Skill Learning in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Abstract

Abstract: Purpose of Review: Non-invasive neurostimulation is becoming increasingly popular in rehabilitation, as it may enhance the brain’s natural learning processes, potentially increasing the effectiveness of movement interventions. The current paper provides a review of studies that have investigated the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in pediatric populations with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) complicated by motor impairment. Recent Findings: Proof of principle studies indicate that tDCS can positively influence motor learning in children. The application of tDCS across pediatric populations with NDD is in its early stages. Summary: We emphasize the need for caution and further research investigating the therapeutic potential of tDCS in children with NDD and motor impairment. Indications of efficacy will require carefully designed trials before conclusions of effectiveness can be made. Optimal tDCS protocols may differ across both disorders and individuals. Protocol parameters which produce clinically significant improvements will become clearer with further high-quality evidence.