Farm Forestry in Agricultural Southern Ontario, ca. 1850-1940: Evolving Strategies in the Management and Conservation of Forests, Soils and Water on Private Lands

  • Bowley P
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Abstract

Early settlers in southern Ontario aspired to become prosperous land-owning farmers; they began by cutting trees. Within a few decades, wind and water, unimpeded by forest cover, devastated soil and crops. Farmers were encouraged by groups such as the Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association to reforest some of their land. Farm forestry, as part of scientific agriculture, had a strong beginning in the early 1900s with the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, but that movement was poorly supported until the 1930s, when the relationship between deforestation and water supplies reached a crisis. The Ontario Conservation and Reforestation Association (OCRA) and the Ontario Crop Improvement Association (OCIA) were created in agricultural southern Ontario in 1937-8 after a disastrously hot dry summer. Each organization interpreted the conservation of natural resources in profoundly different ways: the OCRA as a movement to create forest resources on public property, and the OCIA as management of privately-owned farmlands to improve crop production.Les premiers colons dans le sud de l’Ontario aspiraient à devenir des agriculteurs possédant des terres prospères. Ils ont commencé par la coupe d’arbres. En l’espace de quelques décennies, et en l’absence d’un couvert forestier pouvant les entraver, le vent et l’eau dévastèrent le sol et les cultures. Les agriculteurs furent encouragés à reboiser leurs terres par des groupes tels que la Ontario Fruit Growers’Association. La foresterie rurale, dans le cadre de l’agriculture scientifique, connut un début rapide dans les années 1900 avec la Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, mais ce mouvement fut mal supporté jusqu’à ce que dans les années 1930, la relation entre la déforestation et l’approvisionnement en eau atteignit un point de crise. La Ontario Conservation and Reforestation Association (OCRA) et la Ontario Crop Improvement Association (OCIA) furent en 1937 et 1938 après un été sec et désastreux. Chaque organisation interpréta la conservation des ressources naturelles de façons profondément différentes : l’OCRA comme un mouvement pour créer des ressources forestières sur le domaine public, et l’OCIA comme un mode de gestion des terres agricoles privées pour améliorer la production des cultures.

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Bowley, P. (2016). Farm Forestry in Agricultural Southern Ontario, ca. 1850-1940: Evolving Strategies in the Management and Conservation of Forests, Soils and Water on Private Lands. Scientia Canadensis, 38(1), 22–49. https://doi.org/10.7202/1036041ar

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