Contact Urticaria

Abstract

Contact urticaria is a transient wheal and flare reaction that occurs within 10-60 minutes at the site of contact of the offending agent and completely resolves within 24 hours. The wheal reaction may be allergic (immunologic contact urticaria) or non allergic (non immunologic contact urticaria) or mixed (undetermined). The causative agentscan be cosmetics, latex, plants, food substances, drugs, animal-derived proteins and textiles. Furthermore, is conducted a discussion on cosmetic ingredients causing immediate reactions, including hair dyes and bleaches, preservatives, fragrances and sunscreens. Occupational contact urticaria is reported in many different settings, mostly in individuals dealing with flowers, paint, hair dye chemicals, seafood, meat, vegetables, and fruits, such as chefs, cooks, bakers, butchers, slaughterhouse workers, and fish-factory workers. The diagnosis of immunological contact urticaria is based on the clinical history, on a positive open test or prick test with the suspected substance and/or measurement of specific IgE. The main treatment step is avoiding the causative agent.