Ethno-political Conflict in Kosovo: Cultivating Trust in Serbian–Albanian Post-conflict Peace building

Abstract

(from the chapter) Schwegler and Smith explore the enduring conflict in Kosovo between the resident Albanians and Serbs. International interventions and peacekeeping attempts are examined along with reasons for unsatisfactory results. Kosovo's recent declaration for independence, which the authors posit may inhibit, if not prevent, further negotiations, provides impetus for renewed efforts. Examination of the historical and perpetual causes behind ethnic divisions informs the suggestions offered to reach stable reconciliation. The joining of Kosovo and Serbia is recognized as exacerbating the complex array of contention between ethnic groups in the areas of land, language, religion, and politics. Description of the many years of struggle for control of Kosovo by different groups engenders insight into some specific obstacles to peaceful resolution in this region, including a pervasive sense of fear and victimization existent in both groups. The authors express the need to move beyond resolution and work to achieve reconciliation in order to obtain lasting peaceful relations. Theories of social identity and categorization are applied and the authors suggest potential areas through which a development of trust may begin, which is viewed as a requisite for peace. Schwegler and Smith express optimism for the future through recognition of shared identities already present within individuals from these different ethnic groups. Types of trust are discussed and functional trust is identified as having potential in Kosovo, as it operates from the position of cooperation for mutual benefit. Specific policies are targeted for transformational change beginning at the local level through focus on practical societal needs and creation of programs which bring individuals from different ethnic groups together around a shared identity. Areas in which government support may add to the foundation of trust are also suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)