The Sinonasal Anatomy: Endoscopic Lacrimal and Orbital Perspectives

Abstract

Basic knowledge of the sinonasal anatomy is required to safely perform lacrimal and orbital surgeries. We reviewed the anatomy of the nasal cavity (overview, nasal septum, lateral nasal wall including the lacrimal passage, inferior turbinate and meatus, middle turbinate and meatus, and superior and supreme turbinates and meatuses), ethmoid sinus (overview, agger nasi, uncinate process, fontanelle, ethmoid bulla, hiatus semilunaris, ethmoid infundibulum, and ostiomeatal complex), and sphenoid sinus.