Features of Embedded System

Abstract

This chapter will introduce the basic elements of embedded systems (or dedicated systems). The integrated control systems represent one of the areas of modern electronics which most important and developed with a variety of application in many fields from biomedical to the automotive. 2.1 The Components of Embedded System An embedded system (Fig. 2.1) is, basically, a computer controlled device designed to perform specific tasks. In most cases, these tasks help revolve the real-time control of machines or processes. Embedded systems are cheaper than general purpose system, such as PCs [1, 2]. 2.1.1 Processor The main part of an embedded system is the processor, which could also be a generic microprocessor or a microcontroller and programmed to perform the specific tasks for which the integrated system has been designed. 2.1.2 Memory Electronic memory is an important part of embedded systems and three essential types of memory can be described: RAM, or random access memory, ROM, or read only memory, and Cache. The RAM is one of the hardware components where data are temporarily stored during execution of the system. The ROM contains input-output routines that are needed for the system at boot time. The cache, instead, is used by the processor as a temporary storage during the processing and transferring of data.