Crystal structure studies of RNA duplexes containing s2U:A and s2U:U base Pairs

Abstract

Structural studies of modified nucleobases in RNA duplexes are critical for developing a full understanding of the stability and specificity of RNA base pairing. 2-Thio-uridine (s2U) is a modified nucleobase found in certain tRNAs. Thermodynamic studies have evaluated the effects of s2U on base pairing in RNA, where it has been shown to stabilize U:A pairs and destabilize U:G wobble pairs. Surprisingly, no high-resolution crystal structures of s2U-containing RNA duplexes have yet been reported. We present here two high-resolution crystal structures of heptamer RNA duplexes (5?-uagcs2Ucc-3? paired with 3?-aucgAgg-5? and with 3?-aucgUgg-5?) containing s2U:A and s2U:U pairs, respectively. For cmparison, we also present the structures of their native counterparts solved under identical conditions. We found that replacing O2 with S2 stabilizes the U:A base pair without any detectable structural perturbation. In contrast, an s2U:U base pair is strongly stabilized in one specific U:U pairing conformation out of four observed for the native U:U base pair. This s2U:U stabilization appears to be due at least in part to an unexpected sulfur-mediated hydrogen bond. This work provides additional insights into the effects of 2-thio-uridine on RNA base pairing.