Adding conflict and confusion to CSP

Abstract

In the development of concurrent systems two differing approaches have arisen: those with truly concurrent semantics and those with interleaving semantics. The difference between these two approaches is that in the coarser interleaving interpretation parallelism can be captured in terms of non-determinism whereas in the finer truly concurrent interpretation it cannot. Thus processes a ∥ b and a.b + b.a are identified within the interleaving approach but distinguished within the truly concurrent approach. In this paper we explore the truly concurrent notions of conflict, whereby transitions can occur individually but not together from a given state, and confusion, whereby the conflict set of a given transition is altered by the occurence of another transition with which it does not interfere. Having provided a translation from Petri nets, a truly concurrent formalism, to CSP, an interleaving formalism, we demonstate how the CSP model-checker FDR can be used to detect the presence of both conflict and confusion in Petri nets. This work is of interest for two reasons. Firstly, from a practical point of view: to the author's knowledge, no existing tool for modelling Petri nets can perform these checks and we address that issue. Secondly, and perhaps more significantly, we bridge the gap between truly concurrent and interleaving formalisms, demonstrating that true concurrency can be captured in what is typically considered to be an interleaving language. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.