Pregnancy outcomes in patients with Takayasu's arteritis: Case series

Abstract

Objective: The activity and risk of relapse of Takayasu's arteritis are low during pregnancy. Up to 40% of patients may have unfavorable obstetric outcomes therefore it is important to know their clinical behavior. We describe the clinical characteristics and obstetric outcome of pregnant women with Takayasu arteritis treated in a hospital of high complexity. Materials and methods: A retrospective evaluation of medical records of pregnant patients with Takayasu's arteritis treated at Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación in Medellin, Colombia between 2011 and 2018. Results: Six patients with a median age at diagnosis 17.5 (RI 9.25) years, at delivery 24 (RI 8.25) years, disease duration 5.5 (RI 10.5) years. Three patients had extensive aortic involvement; at delivery, 3 patients were active and required immunosuppressants, 5 had high blood pressure, one developed preeclampsia in the second trimester, one had severe mitral and tricuspid insufficiency with a decreased ejection fraction of the left ventricle; 2 had aneurysms (left subclavian artery and ascending aorta). No pregnancy resulted in abortion or preterm birth; there were 2 fetal deaths, one due to intrauterine growth restriction and placental insufficiency and another of unknown etiology; both patients with disease activity, extensive aortic condition, and arterial hypertension. Five deliveries were by cesarean section by maternal indication; there was no aortic dissection, aneurysmal rupture or cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion: Patients with active disease and extensive aortic compromise presented unfavorable obstetric results, suggesting that inadequate control of vasculitis leads to greater maternal-fetal complications.