Preparation of 3D porous hydroxyapatite cell scaffolds using polystyrene templates under biomimetic conditions

Abstract

We have developed methods to functionalize polystyrene (PS) substrates with hydroxyapatite (HAp) via protein adsorption layers in simulated body fluid (SBF), a solution with similar inorganic ion concentrations to those of human plasma. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) porous HAp cell scaffolds were prepared by using PS substrates as a template. Human serum albumin was adsorbed on the 3D porous PS. Then substrates were pretreated with alternate soaking process using solutions containing calcium ions and phosphate ions followed by incubation with SBF. By optimizing the treatment conditions, 3D porous substrates were completely coated with bone-like HAp maintaining porous structures. Human mesenchymal stem cells proliferated and migrated into inside of the HAp-coated scaffolds and secreted abundant fibrous extracellular matrix. This method can provide porous HAp substrates with the specific functions such as biodegradability or excellent strength to weight ratio by changing polymers used as templates.