Approaching the Attosecond Frontier of Dynamics in Matter with the Concept of X-ray Chronoscopy

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Abstract

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have provided scientists opportunities to study matter with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions. However, access to the attosecond domain (i.e., below 1 femtosecond) remains elusive. Herein, a time-dependent experimental concept is theorized, allowing us to track ultrafast processes in matter with sub-fs resolution. The proposed X-ray chronoscopy approach exploits the state-of-the-art developments in terahertz streaking to measure the time structure of X-ray pulses with ultrahigh temporal resolution. The sub-femtosecond dynamics of the saturable X-ray absorption process is simulated. The employed rate equation model confirms that the X-ray-induced mechanisms leading to X-ray transparency can be probed via measurement of an X-ray pulse time structure.

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Błachucki, W., Wach, A., Czapla-Masztafiak, J., Delcey, M., Arrell, C., Fanselow, R., … Szlachetko, J. (2022). Approaching the Attosecond Frontier of Dynamics in Matter with the Concept of X-ray Chronoscopy. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031721

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