Dipole-exchange spin waves in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic films and stripes

Abstract

A spin-wave (SW) theory that includes the long-range dipole-dipole interactions is presented for monolayers of van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets for which the magnetic ions lie on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. The dipolar interactions provide an additional anisotropy in these materials, along with the Ising exchange interaction and/or single-ion anisotropies that typically stabilize the two-dimensional magnetic ordering. Analytical results for the linearized SW energies are obtained for the ferromagnets in two geometries: complete films and finite-width stripes (or ribbons). In both cases it is found that the inclusion of the dipole-dipole interactions leads to a shift and sometimes a splitting of the magnetic modes in the vdW structure. Also, in the latter case, where the edges are assumed to be along the zigzag lattice directions, the dipole-dipole interactions are found to play a role, as well as the exchange interactions, in modifying the localized edge SWs. Numerical examples are given, including applications to the ferromagnet CrI3.