Revisiting the enniatins: A review of their isolation, biosynthesis, structure determination and biological activities

110Citations
Citations of this article
135Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.

Abstract

Enniatins are cyclohexadepsipeptides isolated largely from Fusarium species of fungi, although they have been isolated from other genera, such as Verticillium and Halosarpheia. They were first described over 60 years ago, and their range of biological activities, including antiinsectan, antifungal, antibiotic and cytotoxic, drives contemporary interest. To date, 29 enniatins have been isolated and characterized, either as a single compound or mixtures of inseparable homologs. Structurally, these depsipeptides are biosynthesized by a multifunctional enzyme, termed enniatin synthetase, and are composed of six residues that alternate between N-methyl amino acids and hydroxy acids. Their structure elucidation can be challenging, particularly for enniatins isolated as inseparable homologs; however, several strategies and tools have been utilized to solve these problems. Currently, there is one drug that has been developed from a mixture of enniatins, fusafungine, which is used as a topical treatment of upper respiratory tract infections by oral and/or nasal inhalation. Given the range of biological activities observed for this class of compounds, research on enniatins will likely continue. This review strives to digest the past studies, as well as, describe tools and techniques that can be utilized to overcome the challenges associated with the structure elucidation of mixtures of enniatin homologs. © 2012 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved.

References Powered by Scopus

Emerging fusarium-mycotoxins fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin - A review

527Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

The structure op beauvericin, a new depsipeptide antibiotic toxic to artemia salina

354Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Cyclodepsipeptides as chemical tools for studying ionic transport through membranes

237Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Cited by Powered by Scopus

Emerging Mycotoxins: Beyond Traditionally Determined Food Contaminants

303Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Scientific Opinion on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of beauvericin and enniatins in food and feed

0
282Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Lipopeptides biosurfactants: Mean classes and new insights for industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications

241Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Sy-Cordero, A. A., Pearce, C. J., & Oberlies, N. H. (2012, November). Revisiting the enniatins: A review of their isolation, biosynthesis, structure determination and biological activities. Journal of Antibiotics. https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2012.71

Readers' Seniority

Tooltip

PhD / Post grad / Masters / Doc 50

61%

Researcher 22

27%

Professor / Associate Prof. 7

9%

Lecturer / Post doc 3

4%

Readers' Discipline

Tooltip

Agricultural and Biological Sciences 35

44%

Chemistry 20

25%

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Bi... 19

24%

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceut... 6

8%

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free