Dental Anatomy and Physiology of Human Tooth and the Consequences of Pathogenic Microbiota on the Oral Cavity

Abstract

Background: Biologically, there are about 700 microbial species found in our oral cavity with a favorable habitat due to nutrients and insulate for the development of a complex ecosystem in the mouth. The bacterial population is a result of dynamic relationship between pathogens and commensal, increases oral diseases and other risk factors. The non-beneficial microbiome have direct link to dental problems created by chemical, acids produced by bacteria and direct contact of tooth surfaces. Ina addition, the human teeth is made of many tissues with different thickness, functions, and types and also similar layers and sets of teeth. Objectives: This article mainly assess the biology of dental anatomy and physiology, impact potential of oral pathogenic microbiota and their consequences on human oral cavity. Methods: Important information’s about dental of human and consequences of pathogenic microbiota from various international published sources, such as researches, reviews, health and biology books, organized and rewrite based on the standard scientific methods. Results and conclusions: Based on human anatomy and physiology, the human teeth is made up of multiple tissues of minerals with varying thickness and rigidity, four types of teeth with different functions, crown and root parts of a teeth with three layers. In addition, similar to other mammals, human beings develop two sets of teeth as “deciduous and permanent” called diphyodont. Moreover, human mouth is the most colonized parts of our bodies that support as important habitats of heterogeneous microbial communities due to nourished nutrients with optimum insulate for development in the mouth, and they can simply bind on tooth surfaces. Therefore, due to exogenous material over tooth surfaces produced chemicals and pathogenic microbiota directly contact to occluding or proximal surfaces cause decaying and eroding of human tooth and other potential impacts like bad smell associated consequences on the oral cavity.