Hydrous solidus of CMAS-pyrolite and melting of mantle plumes at the bottom of the upper mantle

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Abstract

We showed in previous experiments that the melting temperature of hydrous pyrolite, at the transition boundary between wadsleyite and olivine, is abruptly reduced by the presence of 2 wt.% H2O. In this paper we determine the apparent solidus for CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-pyrolite with lower and geologically more reasonable H2O contents (0.5 wt.%). Phase relations and melt compositions have been determined at pressures of 13.5-17.0 GPa and temperatures of 1600 to 2100°C. There was no abrupt decrease of solidus temperature along the phase boundary between olivine and wadsleyite in pyrolite with 0.5 wt.% H2O. However significant gradual decrease of the solidus temperature at pressures below 15-16 GPa still supports previous models for a hydrous origin of some ancient komatiites by dehydration melting of rising wet plumes at pressures of 4-10 GPa.

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Litasov, K., & Ohtani, E. (2003). Hydrous solidus of CMAS-pyrolite and melting of mantle plumes at the bottom of the upper mantle. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(22). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018318

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