Blockade of programmed death 1 (PD-1) protein and its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been used as cancer immunotherapy in recent years, with the blockade of PD-1 being more widely used than blockade of PD-L1. PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade therapy showed benefits in patients with various types of cancer; however, such beneficial effects were seen only in a subgroup of patients. Improving the efficacy of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade therapy is clearly needed. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on the effects of gut microbiota on PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade and discuss the new perspectives on improving efficacy of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade therapy in cancer treatment through modulating gut microbiota. We also discuss the possibility that chronic infections or inflammation may impact on PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade therapy.
CITATION STYLE
Wang, Y., Ma, R., Liu, F., Lee, S. A., & Zhang, L. (2018, March 5). Modulation of gut microbiota: A novel paradigm of enhancing the efficacy of programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand-1 blockade therapy. Frontiers in Immunology. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00374
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