Strategies to Improve Neural Electrode Performance

Abstract

Key to conventional methods of interfacing with the nervous system, current clinical electrode technology still suffers from many challenges, both technological and biological in nature. Traditionally made of stiff, non-biocompatible materials, electrode insertion initiates the body’s immune response. This response can lead to the formation of scar tissue around the electrode causing degradation of recording and stimulation signal integrity. In order to circumvent these issues, new flexible and biocompatible materials such as conductive polymers and graphene are being explored as both potential electrode coatings and the electrode material itself. Less damaging electrode shapes (e.g., tip shape and sharpness) and new insertion methods are also emerging to improve the overall electrode performance. Additionally, new electrode designs such as a syringe-injectable mesh electrode are being explored to better integrate with the existing biological environment and thus mitigate the immune response.