Important Targets and Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health issue. Millions of TB-infected patients remain undiagnosed, untreated, or improperly treated, leading to recurrenceRecurrence, re-infectionRe-infection, and resistance. Exploration of disease virulenceVirulence via target analyses may provide the design of specific anti-TB therapeutics. Studies and research are ongoing to investigate different potential target enzymesEnzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis necessary for its growthGrowth and survivalSurvival. The identification of targets throws light of hope to design inhibitorsInhibitor that will impede the functioning of the target enzymeEnzyme. TB treatment includes two months of an initial course of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamidePyrazinamide, and ethambutolEthambutol, termed as first-line drugsDrugFirst-line, along with four months of additional course on isoniazid and rifampin. The necessity to continue studies of different targets and inhibitorsInhibitor is based on the fact of resistanceDrugresistance of the drugs to different targets. Multidrug resistance (MDR-TB) arises due to non-compliance of the treatment in terms of missing of any one of the above-mentioned dosages thereby causing failure of the mycobacteria to respond to anti TB drugs and the XDR-TB results from infection of Mycobacterium avium complex when the patients also suffer from infectious HIV. This necessitates the use of second-line drugsDrugSecond-line, which include 6-fluoroquinolone6-fluoroquinolone6 FQ (6-FQ) followed by amikacinAmikacin or kanamycinKanamycin. There is a need to develop new lead compounds with the least side effectsSide effect to overcome the resistance problem to several drugs. Therefore, the knowledgeKnowledge of several drugs is of utmost importance in designing new inhibitorsInhibitor that fill the treatment gap to minimizeResistancedrug drug resistanceDrugresistance.