Panicle nitrogen strategies for nitrogen-efficient rice varieties at a moderate nitrogen application rate in the lower reaches of the yangtze river, china

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) management is of great importance in rice production, but most previous studies have focused on high N rates and there is a lack of research on management plans under a moderate N rate. This study aimed to explore the agronomic and physiological traits of N-efficient rice varieties (NEVs) and to optimize the management strategy at an N rate below the inflection point of the parabolic curve between N rate and grain yield. Two NEVs and two N-inefficient rice varieties (NIVs) were planted, and three treatments were designed according to the panicle N application method. A larger amount of N applied at panicle initiation (PI) led to higher rice yield and N-use efficiency (NUE). This was mainly due to increases in the total number of spikelets per unit area, root oxidation activity, leaf area duration, and leaf photosynthesis rate as well as to the increased carbon (C) and N utilization rates. Compared with NIVs, NEVs exhibited improved root and shoot functions and higher C and N transport characteristics at the moderate N rate. We suggest that increasing the application of N at PI and that planting of NEVs are important ways to increase rice yield and NUE when adopting moderate N rates.