Basic Understanding of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Abstract

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of the representative physiotherapi-cal modalities used for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders by the application of electrical stimuli. In dental practice, it has long been used in the treatment of acute and chronic orofacial pain conditions including temporomandibular disorders. TENS is the delivery of therapeutic electrical stimuli with a variety of electrical intensity, frequency and duration to stimulate peripheral nerve through surface electrodes with various form and placement. While controversy still remains over the clinical effectiveness and application of TENS, basic understanding of its electrical properties and the expected biological reactions is important to increase the therapeutic effect and decrease the risk of possible side effects. This review, therefore , focuses on basic understanding of TENS including its underlying mechanisms and stimulation parameters.