Psychophysiological alteration after virtual reality experiences using smartphone-assisted head mount displays: An EEG-based source localization study

Abstract

Brain functional changes could be observed in people after an experience of virtual reality (VR). The present study investigated cyber sickness and changes of brain regional activity using electroencephalogram (EEG)-based source localization, before and after a VR experience involving a smartphone-assisted head mount display. Thirty participants (mean age = 25 years old) were recruited. All were physically healthy and had no ophthalmological diseases. Their corrected vision was better than 20/20. Resting state EEG and the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) were measured before and after the VR experience. Source activity of each frequency band was calculated using the sLORETA program. After the VR experience, the SSQ total score and sub scores (nausea, oculomotor symptoms, and disorientation) were significantly increased, and brain source activations were significantly increased: alpha1 activity in the cuneus and alpha2 activity in the cuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG). The change of SSQ score (after-before) showed significant negative correlation with the change of PCG activation (after-before) in the alpha2 band. The study demonstrated increased cyber sickness and increased alpha band power in the cuneus and PCG after the VR experience. Reduced PCG activation in alpha band may be associated with the symptom severity of cyber sickness.