Effects of Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Function and Anxiety Levels in Frail Patients

Abstract

Background: Frailty is an important prognostic factor in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and patients with CVD have a high rate of concurrent psycho-emotional stress, as well as depressive mood and anxiety symptoms. Despite this, few reports have examined the effects of the efficacy of Phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in frail patients, including improvements in anxiety levels. Methods and Results: In all, 137 patients (mean [±SD] age 65.8±13.0 years; 71% male) who participated in Phase II CR and were assessed after CR completion were included in this study. Patients were evaluated using the Kihon Checklist (KCL) form at the beginning of CR and were divided into the 3 groups according to KCL scores: frail (n=34, 25%), pre-frail (n=40, 29%), and non-frail (n=63, 46%). Physical function and anxiety levels were compared among the 3 groups. The pre-frail and frail groups had significantly higher state anxiety and trait anxiety than the non-frail group (P<0.01). At the end of Phase II CR, all 3 groups showed significant improvements in the 6-min walking distance (P<0.05). State anxiety improved significantly in the non-frail and pre-frail groups, whereas trait anxiety only improved in the non-frail group. Conclusions: Physical function was improved in frail patients who participated in Phase II CR. However, there was no significant improvement in their level of anxiety.