Trigeminal neuralgia

Abstract

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common form of facial neuropathic pain in the elderly. Trigeminal neuralgia is classified as either classical trigeminal neuralgia “idiopathic” or painful trigeminal neuropathy “secondary.” Classical trigeminal neuralgia is due to neurovascular compression, while painful trigeminal neuropathy can be secondary to trauma, herpes zoster, tumor, or multiple sclerosis. This chapter will review the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and the diagnostic criteria of trigeminal neuralgia. Pharmacological, interventional, and surgical options will be briefly analyzed as well.