BCR Sequential Leaching for Geochemical Fractions and Assessment of Fe, Ni, and Mn in the Coastal Sediments Sendang Biru Port, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

The changes in the aquatic environment by either natural or anthropogenic sources may affect the presence of heavy metals in the sediment of Sendang Biru Port. Heavy metals such as Fe, Ni, and Mn possibly give a negative impact on ecological and biological systems in the sea water. To monitor the status of sediment of the Port Sendang Biru, we investigated the geochemical fraction of Fe, Ni, and Mn in sediment using the BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential leaching method. The precision test of BCR method showed that Fe, Ni, and Mn has 4.82; 3.73; and 3.16 Relative Standard Deviation (RSD), respectively. The accuracy test of BCR method showed that percentage recovery for Fe, Ni, and Mn were 85.5%; 96.2%; and 63.0%, respectively. The fractionation of Fe, Ni, and Mn in the sediment of Sendang Biru Port showed that Fe was dominant in residual fraction (90.7%), whereas Ni and Mn were dominant in non-residual fraction (78.8% Ni and 77.2% Mn). The dominance of Fe in the residual fraction indicated that Fe was from natural sediment minerals bound to silicate and aluminate, whereas the dominance of Ni and Mn in non-residual fractions was possibly derived from anthropogenic effects. Assessment from index calculation of sediment had the category contaminated at moderate levels by Ni and contaminated at low levels by Fe and Mn.