Monopole charge density wave states in Weyl semimetals

Abstract

We study a class of topological charge density wave states exhibiting monopole harmonic symmetries. The density wave ordering is equivalent to pairing in the particle-hole channel due to Fermi surface nesting under interactions. When electron and hole Fermi surfaces carry different Chern numbers, the particle-hole pairing exhibits a nontrivial Berry phase inherited from band-structure topology independent of the concrete density wave ordering mechanism. The associated density wave gap functions become nodal, and the net nodal vorticity is determined by the monopole charge of the pairing Berry phase. The gap function nodes become zero-energy Weyl nodes of the bulk spectra of quasiparticle excitations. These states can occur in doped Weyl semimetals with nested electron and hole Fermi surfaces enclosing Weyl nodes of the same chirality in the weak-coupling regime. Topologically nontrivial low-energy Fermi arc surface states appear in the density wave ordering state as a consequence of the emergent zero-energy Weyl nodes.