Laparoscopic transfistulous bile duct exploration for Mirizzi syndrome type II: a simplified standardized technique

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic treatment is a viable option for Mirizzi syndrome (MS) type I, but it is not recommended for MS type II (McSherry classification). We introduce laparoscopic transfistulous bile duct exploration (LTBDE) as a simplified standardized technique for MS type II. Methods: Eleven consecutive LTBDEs performed by a surgeon for MS type II were analyzed retrospectively, including three successful single-incision LTBDEs (SILTBDEs). Transfistulous stone removal followed by primary closure of gallbladder remnant and partial cholecystectomy was performed. An additional choledochotomy was required in one patient. Results: Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and operative findings confirmed the diagnosis of MS in five and five patients, respectively. Preoperative ultrasound implied the remaining diagnosis. The operative time was 270.5 ± 65.5 min. The stone clearance rate was 100 %. The postoperative length of hospital stay was 5.1 ± 2.2 days. There was no open conversion. Overall complications comprised two postoperative transient hyperamylasemia (18.2 %) and one superficial wound infection (9.1 %). Compared with the other group of 92 patients who underwent laparoscopic bile duct exploration, the MS type II group had a significantly younger age, a higher jaundice rate, a lower single-incision laparoscopic approach rate, a lower choledochotomy rate, longer operative time, a lower postoperative pethidine dose, and a longer total length of hospital stay. The average follow-up period was 12.1 months. Conclusions: LTBDE is safe and efficacious for MS type II including Csendes type IV. A high suspicion of MS is critical. SILTBDE is feasible in selected cases. Long-term follow-up is mandatory.